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다음 주에 History of Canada (2)가 계속 됩니다.

History of Canada

Canada is a country of 32 million inhabitants that occupies the northern portion of the North American continent, and is the world’s second largest country in area.

Inhabited for millennia by First Nations (aboriginal), Canada has evolved from a group of European colonies into an officially bilingual (English and French), multicultural federation, having peacefully obtained sovereignty from its last colonial possessor, Great Britain.

France sent the first large group of settlers in the 17th century, but Canada came to be dominated by the British until the country attained full independence in the 20th century.

Its history has been affected by its inhabitants, its geography, and its relations with the outside world.

 

First Peoples

Many indigenous peoples (both First Nations and Inuit) have inhabited the region that is now Canada for thousands of years and have their own diverse histories.

Aside from spiritual explanations of indigenous origins, anthropologists continue to argue over various possible models of migration to modern day Canada, as well as their pre-contact populations.

Indigenous peoples contributed significantly to the culture and economy of the early European colonies and as such have played an important role in fostering a unique Canadian cultural identity.

 

There are a number of reports of contact made before Columbus between the first peoples and those from other continents. The case of Viking contact is supported by the remains of a Viking settlement in L’Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland. This may well have been the place Icelandic Norseman Leifur Eiríksson referred to as Vinland around the year 1000. 

The presence of Basque cod fishermen and whalers, just a few years after Columbus, has also been cited, with at least nine fishing outposts having been established on Labrador and Newfoundland. The largest of these settlements was the Red Bay station, with an estimated 900 people. Basque whalers may have begun fishing the Grand Banks as early as the 15th century. 

The next European explorer acknowledged as landing in what is now Canada was John Cabot, who landed somewhere on the coast of North America (probably Newfoundland or Cape Breton Island) in 1497 and claimed it for King Henry VII of England. Portuguese and Spanish explorers also visited Canada, but it was the French who first began to explore further inland and set up colonies, beginning with Jacques Cartier in 1534.

Under Samuel de Champlain, the first French settlement was made in 1605 at Port-Royal (today’s Annapolis Royal), and in 1608 the heart of New-France, which later grew to be Quebec City, was established. The French claimed Canada as their own and 6,000 settlers arrived, settling along the St.

Lawrence and in the Maritimes. Britain also had a presence in Newfoundland and with the advent of settlements, claimed the south of Nova Scotia as well as the areas around the Hudson Bay. 

The first contact with the Europeans was disastrous for the first peoples. Explorers and traders brought European diseases, such as smallpox, which killed off entire villages. Relations varied between the settlers and the Natives. The French befriended several Algonquin nations, including the Huron peoples and nations of the Wabanaki Confederacy, and entered into a mutually beneficial trading relationship with them. The Iroquois, however, became dedicated opponents of the French and warfare between the two was unrelenting, especially as the British armed the Iroquois in an effort to weaken the French. 

The first agricultural settlements in what was to become Canada were located around the French settlement of Port Royal in what is now Nova Scotia. The population of Acadians, as this group became known, reached 5,000 by 1713.

ab·o·rig·i·nal
1원주(原住)의, 토착의
2토착[원주]민의

sov·er·eign·ty
1주권, 통치권
2독립국;자치 공동체
3최고, 최상;탁월

in·dig·e·nous
1토착의, (그) 지역 고유의; 원산의, 자생종의;재래(在來)의
2 타고난, 고유의
    

anthropologist 1인류학자
 
foster
1육성하다, 촉진하다
2(수양자식으로서) 기르다
3 마음에 품다
4 불러 일으키다

ad·vent
1 (중요한 인물·사건의) 출현, 도래
2그리스도의 강림; 강림절
3그리스도의 재림(Second Coming)
 

small·pox【병리】1천연두, 마마

be·friend 1…의 편을 들다, 돕다;…의 친구가 되다

un·re·lent·ing1가차[용서] 없는, 엄한;무자비[잔인]한; 꾸준한

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